Rājadharma-As A Technical Term for Understanding of Ancient Indian Good Governance

 Asian Resonance (P: ISSN No. 0976-8602 RNI No. UPENG/2012/42622 VOL.-9, ISSUE-2, April 2020 E: ISSN No. 2349-9443 )

Abstract




 Anil Pratap 

Giri Associate Professor Department of Sanskrit Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India

Rājadharma comprises two words one is Rāja and other is Dharma. Rāja means ruler or king and dharma means his duty or property which must be possessed by him. Rājadharma is a determinative compound word of Sanskrit in which, meaning of the second word of compound has a supremacy.1 The meaning of the first word generally deals relationship with the second word. Thus, the literary meaning of this compound word is Rājño Dharmaḥ iti Rājadharmaḥ. Rājñāṁ Dharmaḥ iti vā. It means the peculiar duty of the ruler or rulers is called Rājadharma. Here, Duty is the property and the ruler is the property-holder, ruler holds that duty. The relationship between property and property-holder is Dharma-dharmi-bhāva-sambandha. As per Indian logic, without dharma, dharmī cannot be known.Dharmī is known by knowing dharma. In the same way without the knowledge of the duty ruler cannot be known. Rājadharma is a dharma of the king. The king has to do his all activities as per Rājadharma. Rājadharma must be constantly remembered by the king. Rājadharma is a source of will power to act. Rājadharma is an energy of the king to perform his duty.The king achieves real bliss by following Rājadharma. Real bliss is not a happiness. It is a perfectly balanced state, where there is no happiness and sorrow, there is no good and bad, there is no past, present and future. It is a complete state of liberation which, could achieve following by Rājadharma. The king has no existence without Rājadharma. The ruler is the ruler due to this duty only. This is a peculiar duty which resides only in the ruler. The ruler must possesses this duty.The nature of this duty is an essential works viz.educating, civilizing, nursing, protecting the state for making Mankind prosperous both spiritually and materially. Rājñāmavaśya Kartavye Prajāpālanādau Karmaṇi 2 . The duty of ruler, which must be inclined towards welfare of all beings who reside in his area of particular State-Rājñaḥ Rājñāṁ vā Kartavyaṁ Karma is Rājadharma. In view of aforemetioned concept, this paper would like to discuss Rājadharma as a technical term in a Sanskrit literature, which will provide a tool for understanding of ancient Indian Good Governance.

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http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/upoadreserchpapers/1/350/2005060709531st%20%20anil%20pratap%20giri.pdf

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