Terrestrial Nitrification Studies in the Arid Soils of Purna Basin- A Region Specific Research to Arrest Nitrate

Asian Resonance(P: ISSN No. 0976-8602 RNI No.UPENG/2012/426228 VOL.-III, ISSUE-IV, October-2014 E: ISSN No. 2349 - 9443) 

Abstract


Niteen Vinay Phirke 

Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati

Among the chemical fertilizers used for maximizing crop production, nitrogenous fertilizers like amide (most preferred is urea), ammonium (NH4 + ) and nitrate (NO3 - ) containing fertilizers are widely used due to the poor nitrogenous fertilizing capacity of the alluvial to black cotton soils of Purna river basin generally encountering indiscriminate nitrogenous fertilization.. The banana bowl in Khandesh, Citrus zone in Varhad and cotton/ cereal crops belt in all north eastern Maharashtra witness nitarte contamination in underground water as these soils are routinely fertilized with heavy dosages of nitrogenous fertilizers. Thus, the bulky doses of the fertilizers for the past five decades (since 1970s) have been resulted into (i) nitrate contamination in water reservoirs, (ii) erosion through nitrate flush by leaching and floods, (iii) nitrogen enrichment in water aquifers causing threat of eutrophication, (vi) emission of N2O fluxes to the atmosphere increasing regional warming and (vii) stagnation in crop yield non-commensurate with fertilizer inputs. The two steps of oxidative nitrification, the formation of nitrite (NO2 - ) from ammonium (NH4 + ) (called nitrosification) and the formation of nitrate (NO3 - ) from nitrite (NO2 - ) (called nitrification), are carried out by different soil chemolithoautotrophic microbial populations, dominated by bacterial genus Nitrosomonas involved in nitrosification and another Nitrobacter for nitrification. The transfer of nitrate and nitrite ions from surface soil to groundwater, pose a serious human health hazard. The relation of soil microbial nitrification with the nitrate pollution in the environment is under research herewith. 

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http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/upoadreserchpapers/1/25/150223074323english.pdf


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